The
lecture ”Contributions to the
History of Computer
Science“ was presented
in classroom during the winter term 2003/2004 and recorded in 14 parts,
although in German language only. In subsequent winter terms 7
additional presentations were recorded. They are referred to after the
original lectures. The following index terms provide an
English
reference to the subjects presented. The
numbers refer to the approximate viewgraph page number on which the
subject is mentioned or the explanation started.
Call of the
audio track requires either the implementation of RealPlayer or
QuickTimePlayer
on the client from which the lecture is being called. Using the former
will
eventually permit an easier navigation or shortcut to reach the
position
selected.
|
Old
Supporting Devices to Calculate |
Page
1 - 22 |
|
introductory
remarks |
5 |
overwiew |
6 |
|
references |
7 |
Inka
knotted cords |
8 |
|
Greek
abacus |
10 |
numbers
in Attic notation |
16 |
|
calculating
using the abacus |
17 |
Russian
stchoty |
21 |
|
Notation
Forms of Numbers |
Page 1
- 39 |
|
historic
review over centuries |
3 |
Egyptian
numbers |
4 |
|
Chinese
numbers |
8 |
cuneiform
number representations |
16 |
|
Roman numerals |
10 |
empty
symbols and zeroes in India |
24 |
|
origin
of numbers |
12 |
zeroes
in Arabia |
27 |
|
appearance
in Western Europe |
25 |
zero
and Miletian numbers by Ptolemy |
33 |
|
Computus
and Calendar |
Page 1
- 30 |
|
words
for reckoning |
3 |
calendar
fundamentals |
4 |
|
chain
fractions |
6 |
roots
of the computus |
8 |
|
calendar
calculations and Easter dates |
10 |
statue
of Hippolyte |
12 |
|
Roman
calendar |
18 |
Dionysius
Exiguus |
24 |
|
Ravenna
calendar stone |
26 |
|
|
|
Easter
tables, Astronomical Clocks |
Page 1
- 33 |
|
Beda
Venerabilis, Easter tables |
5 |
calendar
error in medieval times |
3 |
|
Easter
table by Drogo of Metz |
9 |
prayer
book of the Duke of Berry |
15 |
|
perpetual
calendar |
14 |
astronomical clock
in Lyon |
18 |
|
clock
in Rostock |
24 |
clock
in Münster |
28 |
|
Lilius und Clavius |
30 |
epact
computation |
33 |
|
Reform
of the Calendar, Straßburg Clock |
Page 1
- 32 |
|
calendar
error in the 16th century |
3 |
epacts
and Easter limits |
5 |
|
epacts
by Lilius |
6 |
correction
of epacts |
5 |
|
astronomical
clock in Strasbourg |
14 |
Julian
and Gregorian Easter dates |
28 |
|
astronomical
clock in Lübeck |
24 |
algorithm
to calculate date of Easter sunday |
13 |
|
Automata,
Astronomical Devices |
Page 1
- 36 |
|
automata
in ancient times |
4 |
devices
in antiquity for astronomical observations |
8 |
|
relicts
of old calculating devices |
15 |
Antikythera
mechanism |
18 |
|
gear artefacts |
24 |
reconstruction |
34 |
|
gear layout |
28 |
|
|
|
Astrolabia,
Early Clocks, Automata |
Page 1
- 36 |
|
simulation
of the Antikythera mechanism |
4 |
astrolabia |
9 |
|
gears
before medieval times in Europe: Al-Biruni |
19 |
clock
gears by Su Sung |
24 |
|
automata
in the 18th century |
34 |
decimal
watches |
32 |
|
clocks in the
occident |
30 |
|
|
|
Schickard,
Pascal, Leibniz |
Page 1
- 29 |
|
abacists and
algorists |
3 |
mechanical machines |
5 |
|
calculating
bones by Napier |
9 |
first
calculating machine |
6 |
|
demonstration
of a reconstructed model |
14 |
calculating
machine by Pascal |
19 |
|
calculating
machines by Leibniz (stepped drum) |
25 |
Hahn and Roth |
30 |
|
Hahn,
Müller, Babbage, Herzstark |
Page 1
- 41 |
|
time
table for the development of automata |
3 |
calculating
machines and sprocket wheel (Poleni) |
8 |
|
Müller |
12 |
Babbage |
11 |
|
Herzstark |
24 |
Hahn, Roth |
6 |
|
Hollerith
and his machine |
31 |
Brunsviga
and Odhner machines up to Curta |
20 |
|
IBM 603 |
38 |
IBM 604 |
39 |
Stibitz, Aiken, Atanasoff, Eckert, Mauchly |
Page 1
- 42 |
|
electromechanical
automatic calculators |
3 |
Stibitz |
4 |
|
Aiken |
13 |
ABC (Atanasoff and
Berry) |
36 |
|
ENIAC (Eckart and
Mauchly) |
32 |
Zuse |
19 |
|
devices before 1940 |
40 |
reliability
observations for ENIAC |
42 |
|
Zuse,
Lines of Development |
Page 1
- 35 |
|
first
electronic digital computers (ENIAC, ABC) |
3 |
Colossus |
3 |
|
EDSAC |
5 |
EDVAC, IAS |
5 |
|
Zuse
multimedia demonstration of Z1, Z3, Z4 |
9 |
first
industrial efforts of computing machinery in USA and Germany |
18 |
|
Zuse
multimedia demonstration of Z22 |
25 |
German
computer installations in 1961 |
29 |
|
University
Designs in Germany |
Page 1
- 38 |
|
developments
in Germany around 1950 |
3 |
university
designs in Germany (G1, G2, DERA) |
5 |
|
PERM |
7 |
Manchester Mark I,
EDSAC |
8 |
|
support
by the German Rearch Foundation (DFG) |
12 |
IBM 701 |
14 |
|
IBM
650 and some technical data |
19 |
programming
via the "Bell system" |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Software
and Market Developments |
Page 1
- 29 |
|
Installations in
Germany in 1961 |
3 |
parallel
developments around 1950 |
4 |
|
computer
installations in Karlsruhe before 1970 |
20 |
origins
of computer science |
23 |
|
SEL
ER 56 and some technical data |
10 |
software
origins |
8 |
|
IBM
/360 and the world market |
15 |
market counter
reactions |
18 |
|
multiple
access to main frames |
24 |
integrated
circuits and their early applications for computing systems |
25 |
|
Time
Sharing Systems, Microcomputers |
Page 1
- 34 |
|
minicomputers |
3 |
|
|
|
time
sharing of main frames |
5 |
pocket
calculators |
8 |
|
microprocessor
development |
7 |
Microsoft |
14 |
|
Apple Computer Co. |
16 |
beginnings
of the IBM personal computer |
19 |
|
competition
between Macintosh and PC |
23 |
computer
networking |
26 |
|
Internet |
30 |
world
wide web |
31 |
|
Origin of some
terms |
25 |
future
expectations |
32 |
|
Moon
and Lunisolar Calendars |
Page 1
- 35 |
|
Date
in oriental countries |
4 |
Islamic calendar |
5 |
|
days of the week |
10 |
Hebrew calendar |
11 |
|
lunisolar
years |
15 |
Julian
moon calendar |
21 |
|
Gregorian
moon calendar |
29 |
Exceptional
Easter dates |
35 |
|
Julian
day |
35 |
|
|
|
Byzantine
Easter Tables |
Page 1
- 12 |
|
Easter
tables |
3 |
Easter
tables in textform) |
4 |
|
dating of old
manuscripts |
5 |
Greek Easter tables |
6 |
|
chronicon
paschale |
12 |
|
|
|
Napier's
Promptuarium and Binary Numbers |
Page 1
- 21 |
|
calculus in the
15th century |
2 |
Promptuarium |
3 |
|
multiplication
in houses |
5 |
generalized
Napier bones |
6 |
|
decimal
multiplication |
10 |
Madrid
Promptuarium |
11 |
|
binary
numbers by Napier |
14 |
binary addition |
17 |
|
binary
multiplication |
19 |
|
|
|
Konrad
Zuse's Early Memory Cells |
Page 1
- 28 |
|
mechanical memory
cell |
4 |
principle of
operation |
5 |
|
alternate
memory cell |
5 |
relais
memory cell |
16 |
|
comparison
of implementations |
18 |
Z3 functional
simulation |
22 |
|
Cryptographic
Machines |
Page 1
- 55 |
|
rotary machines |
4 |
Enigma |
5 |
|
Bomba |
7 |
ULTRA |
8 |
|
daily
basic key |
15 |
message key |
17 |
|
Lorenz
SZ 40 |
26 |
Tunny |
30 |
|
Heath
Robinson |
33 |
Colossus |
34 |
| Siemens T 52 | 37 | key ciphers | 42 |
| New machine Nema |
45 |
Crypto machines |
50 |
|
Solar
Calendars |
Page 1
- 31 |
|
cyclic solar
calendars |
3 |
day, week, month |
3 |
|
Maya
calendar |
4 |
long
count |
8 |
|
Haab |
10 |
Tzolkin |
11 |
|
Aztec
calendar |
16 |
astronomical solar
calendars |
20 |
|
Iranic
calendar |
23 |
new year (novruz)
in Iran |
24 |
| leap
years in Iran |
26 |
ISO
week and ISO year |
27 |
|
Moon
calendars |
Page 1
- 21 |
|
Islamic year
numbers |
2 |
leap month
interdict |
4 |
|
arithmetic
Islamic calendar |
6 |
common
Arabic dates |
8 |
|
old
Chinese moon calendar |
12 |
animals and
elements |
13 |
|
Chinese
lunisolar calendar |
17 |
leap months |
18 |
(Last
change: May 13, 2008)